In Mathematics, a sequence is a list of objects (or events) arranged in a "linear" fashion, such that the Order of the members is well defined and significant.
For example, (C,Y,R) is a sequence of letters that differs from (Y,C,R), as the ordering matters. Sequences can be Finite, as in this example, or infinite, such as the sequence of all Even Positive integers (2,4,6,...).
The members of a sequence are also called its elements or terms, and the number of terms (possibly infinite) is called the length of the sequence.
A sequence may be denoted (a1,a2, ...). For shortness, the notation (an) is also used.
A more formal definition of a finite sequence with terms in a Set S is a function from {1,2,...,n} to S for some n≥0. An infinite sequence in S is a function from {1,2,...} (the set of natural numbers) to S.
A finite sequence is also called an n-tuple. A function from all integers into a set is sometimes called a bi-infinite sequence, since it may be thought of as a sequence indexed by negative integers grafted onto a sequence indexed by positive integers.
Finite sequences include the null sequence ( ) that has no elements.
If the terms of the sequence are a subset of a ordered set, then a monotonically increasing sequence is one for which each term is greater than or equal to the term before it; if each term is strictly greater than the one preceding it, the sequence is called strictly monotonically increasing. A monotonically decreasing sequence is defined similarly. Any sequence fulfilling the monotonicity property is called monotonic or monotone. This is a special case of the more general notion of Monotonic function.
The terms non-decreasing and non-increasing avoid any possible confusion with strictly increasing and strictly decreasing, respectively, see also Strict.
If the terms of a sequence are integers, then the sequence is an Integer sequence. If the terms of a sequence are polynomials, then the sequence is a Polynomial sequence.
If S is endowed with a Topology, then it is possible to talk about convergence of an infinite sequence in S. This is discussed in detail in the article about limits.
The most elementary type of sequences are numerical ones, that is, sequences of real or complex numbers. This type can be generalized to sequences of elements of some Vector space. In analysis, the vector spaces considered are often function spaces. Even more generally, one can study sequences with elements in some Topological space.
| S n = x 1 +x 2 + | . s | + x n = Σ limits i = 1 n x i . |