Semantics
In the main, semantics (from the Greek semantikos, or "significant meaning," derived from sema, sign) is the study of Meaning, in some sense of that term. It should not be confused with the General Semantics of Alfred Korzybski, a somewhat different discipline. Semantics is often opposed to Syntax, in which case the former pertains to what something means while the latter pertains to the formal structure/patterns in which something is expressed (for example written or spoken).
Semantics is distinguished from Ontology (study of existence) in being about the use of a word more than the nature of the entity referenced by the word. This is reflected in the argument, "That's only semantics," when someone tries to draw conclusions about what is true about the world based on what is true about a word.
Several more particular senses of the word can be identified:
In linguistics
'Semantics is a subfield of Linguistics that is traditionally defined as the study of Meaning of (parts of) words, phrases, sentences, and texts. Semantics can be approached from a theoretical as well as an empirical (for example psycholinguistic and neuroscientific) point of view. The decompositional perspective towards meaning holds that the meaning of words can be analyzed by defining meaning atoms or primitives, which establish a language of thought. An area of study is the meaning of compounds, another is the study of relations between different linguistic expressions (homonymy, synonymy, antonymy, Polysemy, paronyms, hypernymy, hyponymy, Meronymy, Metonymy, Holonymy, Exocentric, and Endocentric). Semantics includes the study of thematic roles, argument structure, and its linking to Syntax. Semantics deals with Sense and Reference, truth conditions, and Discourse analysis. Pragmatics is often considered a part of semantics, but otherwise is treated as a branch of its own.See also
- Semantic class
- Semantic feature
- Semantic change
- Semantic progression
- Semantic property
- Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
- Sememe
In mathematics and computer science
"Semantics'" is also used as a term in Mathematics and Computer science.See also
- Axiomatic semantics
- Denotational semantics
- Game semantics
- Formal semantics of programming languages
- Operational semantics
- Semantic spectrum
- Theory-based semantics