Paladin
- For other uses of Paladin, see Paladin (disambiguation).
A paladin is the prototypical "Knight in shining Armour," a Hero of sterling character and courage, who rights wrongs and defends the weak and oppressed. The word comes from the Latin word palatinus ("attached to the palace") - compare Palatine. The original paladins of legend appeared as the Twelve Peers of the Chanson de Roland and of the other chansons de geste and romances that told of the legendary court of King Charlemagne.
The list that appears in the Chanson de Roland is early and includes names that do not reappear in later chansons.
- Roland Charlemagne's nephew and the chief hero among the paladins
- Olivier Roland's friend and strongest ally
- Gérin
- Gérier
- Bérengier
- Otton
- Samson
- Engelier
- Ivon
- Ivoire
- Anséis
- Girard
The best known list of the paladins appears in the Italian epics of Tasso and Ariosto. They often named more than twelve, including:
- Astolpho, descended from Charles Martel and a cousin of Roland.
- Ferumbras (Fierabras) the Saracen who became a Christian
- Florismart, friend of Orlando
- Ganelon the betrayer, who appears in the Inferno by Dante Alighieri
- Guy de Bourgogne
- Namo (Namus or Naimon)
- Malagigi (Maugris) the sorcerer
- Ogier the Dane (in more recent years the subject of a story by Poul Anderson)
- Oliver, rival to Roland
- Otuel, another converted Saracen
- Rinaldo (Renaud de Montauban)
- Orlando (Roland, Charlemagne's nephew and the chief hero among the paladins
The list varies from romance to romance, but all feature Roland and Oliver. Others that are frequently included are Archbishop Turpin, Ogier the Dane, Huon of Bordeaux, Fierabras, Renaud de Montauban, and Ganelon.
Tales of the paladins of Charlemagne once rivalled the stories of King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table in popularity. Ludovico Ariosto and Torquato Tasso, whose works were once as widely read and respected as Shakespeare's, contributed most prominently to the literary/poetical reworking of the tales of the Epic deeds of the paladins.
The tales told of the paladins took as their subject matter the wars between the Franks and the Moors during the Islamic conquests of Spain and their invasion of southern France. Their adventures became known as the "Matter of Charlemagne" or "Matter of France", even as the adventures of King Arthur and his knights classed as the "Matter of Britain."
The late nineteenth century Celtic Revival benefitted the Arthurian material and encouraged its reworking and recirculation. No such aura of latter-day romance could assist the Charlemagne material, which remained strongly Christian and triumphalist in its presentation. As a result, 20th century readers know Arthur and his Camelot well while hearing little of the paladins of Charlemagne, who once enjoyed equal renown.
The paladins of Charlemagne gave their name to the paladin character class in Dungeons & Dragons and in other role playing games such as Final Fantasy XI, Ragnarok Online and WoW.
In modern language, the word paladin has been used to describe either a Knight-errant, a valiant hero or a particularly loyal companion.