October 14

October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in Leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 78 days remaining.

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Events

• 530 - Antipope Dioscorus ends his reign as Catholic Pope
• 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the forces of William the Conqueror defeat the Saxon army and kill King Harold II of England.
• 1322 - Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence
• 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
• 1586 - Mary I of Scotland goes on trial for conspiracy against Elizabeth I of England
• 1651 - Laws are passed in Massachusetts forbidding poor people from adopting excessive styles of dress.
• 1656 - Massachusetts enacts the first punitive legislation against the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). The marriage of church-and-state in Puritanism makes them regard the ritual-free Quakers as spiritually apostate and politically subversive.
• 1758 - Battle at Hochkirk, Saksen: Austrian army defeats Prussia
• 1773 - The first recorded Ministry of Education, the Commission of National Education, is formed in Poland.
• 1773 - Revolutionary War: Britain's East India Company tea ships' cargo are burned at Annapolis, Maryland.
• 1806 - Battle of Jena-Auerstädt France defeats Prussia
• 1812 - A digest of Pennsylvania laws could not bring itself to print the word "buggery," instead printing it as "B_GG__Y."
• 1812 - Work on London's Regent's Canal starts.
• 1834 - In Philadelphia, Whigs and Democrats stage a gun, stone and brick battle for control of a Moyamensing Township election, resulting in one death, several injuries, and the burning down of a block of buildings.
• 1834 - Henry Blair is the first African American to obtain a US patent. The patent was for a corn planter.
• 1835 - John Templeton, John Moore, Stanley Cuthbart and Ellen Ritchie were charged in Wheeling, Virginia with illegally teaching blacks to read.
• 1840 - Maronite leader Bashir II surrenders to the British forces and goes into exile in Malta.
• 1843 - The British arrest Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell for conspiracy.
• 1867 - The 15th and last Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate resigns in Japan.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Bristol Station - Confederate General Robert E. Lee forces fail to drive the Union Army out of Virginia.
• 1865 - The Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes signed a treaty with the U.S. at a camp on the Little Arkansas River in Kansas. However, none of the parties to the treaty abided by it.
• 1884 - George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film
• 1912 - While campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, former president Theodore Roosevelt is shot by saloonkeeper William Schrank. With a fresh flesh wound and the bullet still in him, Roosevelt still delivers his scheduled speech.
• 1913 - The New Mexico Supreme Court upholds a Sodomy conviction. Ex Parte DeVore, 136 P. 47.
• 1914 - German troops occupy Bruges
• 1916 - Sophomore tackle and guard Paul Robeson is excluded from the Rutgers football team when Washington and Lee Universities refuse to play against a black person.
• 1920 - Part of Petsamo province ceded by Soviet Union to Finland
• 1925 - Anti-French uprising in Damascus (French inhabitants flee)
• 1926 - The children's book Winnie-the-Pooh, by A.A. Milne, is first published.
• 1927 - The California Court of Appeals, in upholding a Sodomy conviction, rules that corroborative evidence could be circumstantial in nature.
• 1933 - Nazi Germany withdraws from The League of Nations
• 1938 - Nazis plan Jewish ghettos for all major cities
• 1939 - German U-47 sinks British Battleship HMS Royal Oak
• 1942 - A German U-boat sinks the ferry SS Caribou, killing 137.
• 1942 - Japanese battleship strikes Henderson Field
• 1943 - Japan declares Philippine "Independence"
• 1943 - U.S. 8th Air Force loses 60 B-17 Flying Fortresses during assault on Schweinfurt
• 1944 - Allied troops land in Corfu
• 1944 - British troops march into Athens
• 1944 - World War II: Given the choice between a public treason trial and a certain death by firing squad or Suicide with honor, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel chooses the latter.
• 1946 - Netherland and Indonesia sign cease fire
• 1947 - Chuck Yeager flies a Bell X-1 faster than the Speed of sound, the first man to do so in level flight.
• 1949 - Eleven leaders of the U.S. Communist party are convicted, after a nine-month trial, of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. government. Ten defendants are sentenced to 5 years in prison each, and the eleventh to 3 years. The Supreme Court upheld the convictions on June 4, 1951.
• 1949 - Chinese Red Army occupies Canton (Guangzhou)
• 1953 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower promised to fire as a Communist any federal worker invoking the Fifth Amendment.
• 1953 - WTEN TV channel 10 in Albany, NY (American Broadcasting Company) begins broadcasting
• 1958 - The Anshai Emath Reform Jewish Temple in Peoria, Illinois was damaged by a crude bomb.
• 1958 - The U.S. conducts an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site.
• 1958 - The District of Columbia Bar Association votes to accept black Americans as members.
• 1959 - WMUB (now WPTO) TV channel 14 in Oxford, OH (Public Broadcasting Service) begins broadcasting
• 1960 - U.S. presidential candidate John F. Kennedy first suggests the idea for the Peace Corps.
• 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis begins: A U-2 flight over Cuba takes photos of Soviet nuclear weapons being installed.
• 1962 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk
• 1963 - The term "Beatlemania" is coined by the British press to describe the scene at the previous night's performance by The Beatles on the TV show "Val Parnell's Sunday Night at the London Palladium," a top-rated program that was the British equivalent to "The Ed Sullivan Show."
• 1963 - Algeria and Morocco border conflict
• 1964 - Leonid Brezhnev becomes general secretary of the CPSU and leader of the Soviet Union, ousting Nikita Khrushchev.
• 1964 - Philips begins experimenting with color Television
• 1964 - American civil rights movement leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr becomes the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1966 - The city of Montreal inaugurates its metro system (see Montreal Metro).
• 1966 - 175 U.S. airplanes bomb North Vietnam
• 1967 - Vietnam War: Folk singer Joan Baez is arrested in a blockade of the military induction center in Oakland, California.
• 1968 - Vietnam War: 27 soldiers are arrested at the Presidio in San Francisco for their peaceful protest of stockade conditions and the Vietnam War. Charged with mutiny, their long prison sentences are later reduced to two years.
• 1968 - Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the United States Army and United States Marines will be sending about 24,000 troops back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours.
• 1968 - First live telecast from a manned U.S. spacecraft Apollo 7
• 1968 - A 6.8 Earthquake wrecked the Australian town of Meckering, and also ruptured all major roads and railways nearby
• 1969 - A race riot occurs in Springfield, Massachusetts.
• 1969 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya.
• 1969 - Britain introduces the 50p (fifty-pence) coin, replacing the ten-shilling note, in anticipation of the Decimalisation of the currency in 1971.
• 1970 - The U.S. conducts an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site.
• 1971 - Two people are killed in a Memphis, Tennessee race riot.
• 1973 - Thailand's University Students protest for a democratic government; 77 are killed and 857 Injured
• 1978 - The People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor
• 1979 - The first Gay rights March on Washington, D.C. demands "an end to all social, economic, judicial, and legal oppression of lesbian and gay people," drawing 200,000 people.
• 1979 - 100,000 demonstrate in Bonn against nuclear energy
• 1981 - Citing official misconduct in the investigation and trial, Amnesty International charges the U.S. government with holding Richard Marshall of the American Indian Movement as a political prisoner.
• 1981 - Vice President Hosni Mubarak is elected President of Egypt one week after Anwar Sadat was assassinated.
• 1982 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan proclaims war against drugs
• 1983 - Grenada leftist coup under Vice-Premier Coard
• 1985 - U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese says in U.S. News & World Report, "If a person is innocent of a crime, then he is not a suspect."
• 1987 - 18-month-old Jessica McClure ("Baby Jessica") falls down an abandoned well in Midland, Texas (her nationally televised rescue takes 58 hours).
• 1994 - Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres share the Nobel peace prize.
• 1994 - The movie, Pulp Fiction, directed by Quentin Tarantino and written by Tarantino and Roger Avary, opened in theaters.
• 1996 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 40.62 to 6,010.00, closing above 6,000 for the first time ever.
• 1998 - Eric Robert Rudolph is charged with 6 bombings including the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, Georgia.
• 1999 - The South Carolina Supreme Court rules that the video poker machines in the state must be unplugged by June 30, 2000.
• 2001 - Delta Flight 458 from Atlanta, Georgia to Newark, New Jersey, is diverted to Charlotte-Douglas International Airport, and passengers are taken off the flight while officials investigate a report of two "Middle Eastern men" making threats in a foreign tongue. It turned out to be two Orthodox Jews who were praying peacefully.
• 2005 - The First World Day for Organ Donation and Transplantation organised under the patronage of the Council of Europe and in association with ESOT/ETCO and World Health Organisation.
• 2005 - Daniel Craig is announced by EON Productions to be the sixth actor to appear in an official James Bond film, Casino Royale.

Births

• 1257 - King Przemysl II of Poland (d. 1296)
• 1493 - Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (d. 1568)
• 1499 - Claude of France, queen of Louis XII of France (d. 1524)
• 1574 - Anne of Denmark, queen of James I of England (d. 1619)
• 1630 - Sophia of Hanover (d. 1714)
• 1633 - James II of England and VII of Scotland (d. 1701)
• 1643 - Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (d. 1712)
• 1644 - William Penn, English founder of Pennsylvania (d. 1718)
• 1687 - Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (d. 1768)
• 1712 - George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1770)
• 1733 - François Sebastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (d. 1798)
• 1784 - King Ferdinand VII of Spain
• 1806 - Preston King, U.S. Senator from New York (d. 1865)
• 1842 - Joe Start, baseball player (d. 1927)
• 1857 - Elwood Haynes, American automobile pioneer
• 1861 - Artur Gavazzi, Croatian geographer (d. 1944)
• 1869 - Joseph Duveen, art dealer
• 1873 - Ray Ewry, American athlete (d. 1937)
• 1882 - Eamon de Valera, Irish politician and patriot (d. 1975)
• 1882 - Charlie Parker, English cricketer (d. 1959)
• 1888 - Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand writer (d. 1923)
• 1890 - Dwight D. Eisenhower, U.S. general and 34th President of the United States (d. 1969)
• 1892 - Sumner Welles, U.S. Undersecretary and diplomat
• 1893 - Lillian Gish, American actress (d. 1993)
• 1894 - E. E. Cummings, American poet (d. 1962)
• 1904 - Christian Pineau, French World War II resistance fighter (d. 1995)
• 1906 - Hannah Arendt, German political theorist and writer (d. 1975)
• 1906 - Imam Hassan al Banna, Egyptian founder of the Muslim Brotherhood (d. 1949)
• 1908 - Ruth Hale, American playwright and actress (d. 2003)
• 1908 - Allan Jones, American actor and singer (d. 1992)
• 1910 - John Wooden, American basketball coach
• 1911 - Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1990)
• 1914 - Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1914 - Dick Durrance, American skier (d. 2004)
• 1916 - C. Everett Koop, United States Surgeon General
• 1927 - Roger Moore, English actor
• 1930 - Joseph Mobutu, President of Zaire (d. 1997)
• 1931 - Nikhil Banerjee, Indian classical musician (d.1986)
• 1935 - La Monte Young, American composer
• 1938 - John W. Dean III, American White House counsel and Watergate figure
• 1938 - Empress Farah Diba of Iran
• 1939 - Ralph Lauren, American fashion designer
• 1940 - Perrie Mans, South African snooker player
• 1940 - Cliff Richard, British singer
• 1940 - Christopher Timothy, British actor
• 1944 - Udo Kier, German actor
• 1946 - Justin Hayward, English musician (Moody Blues)
• 1946 - Craig Venter, American biologist
• 1947 - Lukas Resetarits, Austrian cabaret artist and actor
• 1948 - Harry Anderson, American actor
• 1949 - Katy Manning, British actress
• 1952 - Dan Ar Wern, Breton poet and writer
• 1958 - Thomas Dolby, British musician
• 1960 - Steve Cram, British track athlete
• 1962 - Jaan Ehlvest, Estonian chess player
• 1964 - Olu Oguibe, American artist
• 1968 - Matthew Le Tissier, English footballer
• 1969 - David Strickland, American actor (d. 1999)
• 1971 - Jorge Costa, Portuguese footballer
• 1976 - Nataša Kejžar, Slovenian swimmer
• 1977 - Kelly Schumacher, Canadian basketball player
• 1978 - Paul Hunter, English snooker player
• 1978 - Usher Raymond, American singer and actor
• 1979 - Stacy Keibler, American professional wrestler
• 1980 - Terrence McGee, American football player
• 1985 - Camile Beaudoin, Canadian artist

Deaths

• 1066 - Harold Godwinson, King of England
• 1092 - Nizam al-Mulk, Persian vizier (b. 1018)
• 1256 - Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (b. 1239)
• 1318 - Edward Bruce, High King of Ireland
• 1552 - Oswald Myconius, Swiss protestant reformer (b. 1488)
• 1565 - Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b. 1521)
• 1568 - Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer
• 1610 - Amago Yoshihisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1540)
• 1619 - Samuel Daniel, English poet (b. 1562)
• 1637 - Gabriello Chiabrera, Italian poet (b. 1552)
• 1660 - Thomas Harrison, English Puritan soldier (b. 1606)
• 1669 - Antonio Cesti, Italian composer (b. 1623)
• 1703 - Thomas Hansen Kingo, Danish poet (b. 1634)
• 1711 - Tewoflos, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1708)
• 1758 - Francis Edward James Keith, Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal (b. 1696)
• 1911 - John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1833)
• 1944 - Erwin Rommel, German field marshall (b. 1891)
• 1959 - Errol Flynn, Australian actor (b. 1909)
• 1976 - Dame Edith Evans, English actress (b. 1888)
• 1977 - Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (b. 1903)
• 1984 - Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (b. 1918)
• 1986 - Keenan Wynn, American actor (b. 1916)
• 1990 - Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (b. 1918)
• 1994 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (b. 1916)
• 1997 - Harold Robbins, American novelist (b. 1915)
• 1998 - Cleveland Amory, American writer and animal rights activist (b. 1917)
• 1998 - Frankie Yankovic, American musician (b. 1916)
• 2003 - Patrick Dalzel-Job, English soldier and inspiration for James Bond (b. 1913)

Holidays and observances

• RC Saints - Pope Callistus I
• Also see October 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• World Standards Day (from ISO, IEC, ITU)
• World Organ Donation Day