Name Name: Thành Phố Hà Nội Meaning: "River Interior" Geography Region: Red River Delta Area: 921km² People Population: 4,100,000 Ethnicities: Viet, Hoa Location [image]
Hanoi (Vietnamese: quoc ngu Hà Nội; Chu nom 河内), estimated population 4,100,000 (2004), is the capital of Vietnam and was the capital of North Vietnam from 1954 to 1976. Before that, it had intermittently served as the capital of the entity now known as Vietnam from at least the 11th century until 1802. The city is located on the right bank of the Red River. Manufactures include machine tools, Plywood, textiles, chemicals, and handicrafts. Hanoi is located at 21°2' North, 105°51' East (21.0333, 105.85).
In 1010, Lý Thái Tổ, the first ruler of the Lý Dynasty (朝李, Triều Lý), moved the capital of Đại Việt (大越, the Great Viet, then the name of Vietnam) to the site of the Đại La Citadel. Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red River, he renamed it Thăng Long (升龍, Ascending dragon) - a name still used poetically to this day. It remained the capital of Vietnam until 1397, when the capital was moved to Thanh Hoá, also known as Tây Đô (四都, Western Capital). Thăng Long then became Đông Đô (東都, Eastern Capital).
In 1408, Vietnam was invaded by Chinese troops from the Ming Dynasty and Đông Đô was renamed Đông Quan (東關, Eastern Gateway) by the Chinese. In 1428, Vietnam was liberated from Chinese rule by Lê Lợi, the founder of the Le Dynasty (朝黎, Triều Lê) and Đông Quan was renamed Đông Kinh (東京, Eastern Capital - the name known to Europeans as Tonkin; and evidently, the same characters used for Tokyo). During the Tay Son Dynasty, it was named Bắc Thành (北城, Northern Citadel).
In 1802, when the Nguyễn Dynasty(朝阮, Triều Nguyễn) was established and then moved the capital down to present-day Huế, it was renamed Thăng Long. However, the second syllable of the toponym is actually a homonym of the word long, and so, actually suggests “to flourish” as opposed to “dragon”. Therefore, the name would then have appeared as 升隆, roughly to ascend and flourish. In 1831 the Nguyen Dynasty renamed it Hà Nội (can be translated as Between Rivers or River Interior) . Hanoi was occupied by the French in 1873 and passed to them ten years later. It became the capital of French Indochina after 1887.
The city was occupied by the Japanese in 1940, and liberated in 1945, when it became the seat of Vietnam's government. From 1946 to 1954, it was the scene of heavy fighting between the French and Viet Minh forces. At that point, the city became the capital of an independent North Vietnam.
During the Vietnam War Hanoi's transportation facilities were not disrupted by the bombing of bridges and railways, which were, however, immediately repaired. Following the end of the war, Hanoi became the capital of all Vietnam when North and South Vietnam were united on July 2, 1976.
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The following medical facilities are located in Hanoi:
The Old Quarter is famous for its small artisans and merchants, including many silk shops.
There are four terminals at Noi Bai, including the domestic arrival, domestic departure, international arrival and international departure terminals. There is a separate building with a lounge for diplomatic VIP passengers. Government security forces control security at Noi Bai Airport.
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| Regions of Vietnam Northwest | Northeast | Red River Delta | North Central Coast | South Central Coast | Central Highlands | Southeast | Mekong River Delta | |
| Principal cities Can Tho | Da Nang | Hai Phong | Hanoi | Ho Chi Minh City | |
| Provinces An Giang | Bắc Giang | Bắc Cạn | Bạc Liêu | Bắc Ninh | Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu | Bến Tre | Bình Định | Bình Dương | Bình Phước | Bình Thuận | Cà Mau | Cao Bằng | Đắk Lắk | Đắk Nông | Điện Biên | Đồng Nai | Đồng Tháp | Gia Lai | Hà Giang | Hải Dương | Hà Nam | Hà Tây | Hà Tĩnh | Hòa Bình | Hậu Giang | Hưng Yên | Khánh Hòa | Kiên Giang | Kon Tum | Lai Châu | Lâm Đồng | Lạng Sơn | Lào Cai | Long An | Nam Định | Nghệ An | Ninh Bình | Ninh Thuận | Phú Thọ | Phú Yên | Quảng Bình | Quảng Nam | Quảng Ngãi | Quảng Ninh | Quảng Trị | Sóc Trăng | Sơn La | Tây Ninh | Thái Bình | Thái Nguyên | Thanh Hóa | Thừa Thiên-Huế | Tiền Giang | Trà Vinh | Tuyên Quang | Vĩnh Long, Vĩnh Phúc | Yên Bái | |