1860

1860 is the Leap year starting on Sunday.

Events

January 2 - The discovery of the planet Vulcan was announced at a meeting of the Académie des Sciences in Paris.

May 1 - A chondrite type Meteorite fell to earth in Muskingum County, Ohio near the town of New Concord.
May 5 - Giuseppe Garibaldi and his troops depart from Questa on the Expedition of the Thousand
May 8 - In New Granada (modern-day Colombia) southern state of Cauca secedes from the central government in protest of the suggestion of increase of presidential powers. Magdalena and Bolivar join it
May 9 - The Constitutional Union Party holds its convention and nominates John Bell for President of the United States.
May 13 - Battle of Catalafimi; troops under Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat the army of Naples, during the Second Italian independence war.
May 18 - Abraham Lincoln is selected as the US presidential candidate for the Republican party.

June 24 - First Nursing school, based on the ideas of Florence Nightingale, is opened in St. Thomas Infirmary in England.

July 2 - Vladivostok, Russia is founded.
July 9 - Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad was executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia for claiming to be a prophet.
July 11 - Mutsuhito becomes Crown Prince of Japan.
July 19 - Ioan Dimitrovich Kasatkin becomes an Eastern Orthodox Monk under the name Nikolai.
July 24 - Monk Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as Deacon.
July 25 - Deacon Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as Priest.

September 7 - Lady Elgin is accidentally rammed and sunk in Lake Michigan, hundreds drown.
September 7 - Troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi reach Naples.

John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant leave Zanzibar to search for source of the Nile.
October 1 - The Battle of the Volturno
October 5 - Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire form a commission to investigate causes of clashes between Maronites and Druzes in Lebanon earlier in the year
October 19 - New Maori revolt begins in New Zealand
October 26 - Giuseppe Garibaldi gives Naples to the king Victor Emmanuel II.

December 20 - South Carolina becomes the first state to secede from the Union.
December 29 - The world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured Battleship, the (British) HMS Warrior is launched.

François Anthoine, French General during WWI. (d. 1944)
January 11 - Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian artist (d. 1884)
January 25 - Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States (d. 1936)
January 29 - William Jacob Baer, American painter (d. 1941)
January 29- Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (d. 1904)
February 11 - Rachilde, French author (d. 1953)
February 29 - Herman Hollerith, American businessman and inventor (d. 1929)
March 1 - Joe Natus, musician
March 2 - Susanna M. Salter-Mayor of Argonia, Kansas, first woman mayor in the United States (d. 1961)
March 5 - Sam Thompson, baseball player (d. 1922)
March 13 - Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer (d. 1903)
March 19 - William Jennings Bryan, American politician (d. 1925)
March 22 - Alfred Ploetz, German Physician, Biologist, and eugenicist, known for introducing Racial hygiene (rassenhygiene) (d. 1940)
March 27 - Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (d. 1924)

May 2 - Theodor Herzl, founder of modern political Zionism (d. 1904)
May 9 - J. M. Barrie, Scottish author (d. 1937)
May 20 - Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
May 25 - James McKeen Cattell, American psychologist (d. 1944)
May 29 - Isaac Albéniz, Spanish composer (d. 1909)
June 20 - Jack Worrall, Australian test cricketer, Australian rules football player and premiership coach (d. 1937)
July 3 - Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American feminist writer (d. 1935)
July 7 - Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
July 19 - Lizzie Borden, American murder suspect (d. 1927)
August 3 - W.K. Dickson, Scottish inventor (d. 1935)
August 7 - Alan Leo, British astrologer (d. 1917)
August 16 - Jules Laforgue, French poet (d. 1887)

September 6 - Jane Addams, American social worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935)
September 13 - John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
November 1 - Boies Penrose, United States Senator from Pennsylvania (d. 1921)
November 6 - Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1941)
November 23 - Billy the Kid, American gunfighter (d. 1881)
November 23 - Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1925)
December 7 - Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1947)
John Coughlin, American politician (d. 1938)
Frederick George Jackson, British Arctic explorer (d. 1938)
Albert Giraud, Belgian poet (d. 1929)
Lancelot Speed, British illustrator (d. 1931)